An individual distributed ESS is smaller than an aggregated ESS, because it only handles a single (or a small group) renewable generation unit. Similar to aggregated ESSs, the major function of generator side distributed ESS is to smooth the output of renewables. The distributed ESSs are installed on-site with each renewable generation unit, as illustrated in below figure.

A distributed ESS is usually connected to the DC link of the renewable generation unit behind the grid-side inverter. For a wind inverter, the ESS connected to the DC link in the back-to-back converter. For solar PV generation, the ESS is connected to the output of PV through the DC/DC converter. In the above figure, the distributed ESS is able to help the wind turbine inverter to have a stable DC link voltage, so the inverter can work properly. The distributed ESS outputs the desired power to compensate the fluctuation of renewable generation.

As mentioned before, a distributed ESS is not as powerful as an aggregated ESS for mitigating the fluctuation of renewables, but the distributed ESS is easier to be expanded and maintained.

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